Featured Categories
Browse All Categories
Featured Product
Elevate your wellness routine with our top-rated peptides, designed to enhance your health journey.
Featured Collections
Browse All Collections
Discover Lines
Explore our most popular lines, curated to elevate your wellness journey.
Featured Knowledge
Expert Knowledge
Explore our scientifically-backed content for optimal health and wellness insights.







LL 37
LL-37 is a naturally occurring antimicrobial peptide that plays a key role in the innate immune system. It combats bacteria, viruses, and fungi, breaks down biofilms, and supports tissue repair
Key Ingredients
LL-37 Acetate
Not sure about the right dosage?
Use our Peptide Dosage Calculator for optimal application
Main Information
LL-37 is a cationic antimicrobial peptide (AMP) derived from the precursor protein cathelicidin (hCAP-18). It is part of the body’s first-line defense system, found in immune cells, epithelial tissue, and the respiratory tract. LL-37 neutralizes pathogens by disrupting their membranes, modulates immune response, and accelerates wound healing.
Its clinical and research applications include:
- Chronic or resistant infections (e.g., Lyme, mold, CIRS)
- Wound healing, scar repair, and epithelial regeneration
- Immune balancing in autoimmunity
- Antiviral defense and intracellular pathogen clearance
- Adjunct to antibiotic therapy for biofilm disruption
- LL-37 is also being explored for skin rejuvenation protocols, especially when paired with microneedling or regenerative therapies.
Scientific Background
LL-37 is a human cathelicidin peptide derived from the precursor protein hCAP18. It was first characterized in the late 1990s as part of the innate immune system, a natural defense mechanism that helps the body combat infections even before the adaptive immune system kicks in. Unlike many synthetic antibiotics, LL-37 is an endogenous peptide, meaning it is produced naturally by our own cells—especially in epithelial tissues like the skin, lungs, and gut. LL-37 was discovered during research into naturally occurring antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Scientists identified it as the only cathelicidin-type AMP in humans, with the “LL” designation referring to its first two leucine residues and “37” to the total number of amino acids. It quickly attracted attention due to its unique ability to not only fight bacteria, but also viruses and fungi—without triggering the resistance mechanisms that plague traditional antibiotics.Over the years, LL-37 has been synthesized and studied extensively in both topical and systemic applications, making it a promising candidate for therapeutic use in chronic wounds, inflammatory skin disorders, and even some types of cancer and autoimmune diseases.
LL-37 operates through multiple mechanisms:
- Direct Antimicrobial Activity: It disrupts the membranes of bacteria, viruses, and fungi, causing them to break apart.
- Immunomodulation: LL-37 regulates the immune response by influencing cytokine release, reducing excessive inflammation while promoting healing.
- Tissue Regeneration: It stimulates angiogenesis (formation of new blood vessels) and recruits stem cells, promoting tissue repair.
- Barrier Protection: It strengthens epithelial barriers, especially in the skin and lungs, helping prevent pathogen invasion.
References
Carretero, M., Escámez, M. J., García, M., Duarte, B., Holguín, A., Retamosa, L., … & Larcher, F. (2008). In vitro and in vivo wound healing-promoting activities of human cathelicidin LL-37. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 128(1), 186–197. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jid.5701033
Dürr, U. H., Sudheendra, U. S., & Ramamoorthy, A. (2006). LL-37, the only human member of the cathelicidin family of antimicrobial peptides. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 12(7), 879–885. https://doi.org/10.2174/138161206775474201
Koczulla, R., von Degenfeld, G., Kupatt, C., Krotz, F., Zahler, S., Gloe, T., … & Bals, R. (2003). An angiogenic role for the human peptide antibiotic LL-37/hCAP-18. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 111(11), 1645–1653. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI17492
Mader, J. S., Salsman, J., Conrad, D. M., & Hoskin, D. W. (2011). Bactericidal and tumoricidal activities of the host defense peptide LL-37 and select derivatives. BMC Cancer, 11, 293. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-11-293
Usage Instructions
To ensure safe and effective use of Peptide Products, like LL37, it’s important to follow correct preparation, handling, and injection techniques. Below is a summary of the most essential steps. For detailed guidance, please refer to the official Product Leaflet included with your vial. You can also view the the Leaflet online at the right bottom of the product page.
- Inspect the solution before each use by gently tipping or swirling the vial or preloaded syringe once or twice.
- Do not use if the solution appears cloudy, discolored, or contains particles.
- Peptide products are typically supplied as a lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
- Reconstitute using bacteriostatic water.
- Inject slowly along the vial wall and swirl gently (do not shake) until fully dissolved and clear.
- This peptide is intended for subcutaneous injection using insulin syringes (up to 16 mm needle length).
- Always use a new, sterile syringe and needle for every injection.
- Maintain aseptic technique and never reuse syringes.
- Rotate the injection sites (e.g., abdomen, thighs, or upper arm) to avoid local irritation or tissue damage.
- Before injecting, check that the syringe is correctly loaded: a small drop of solution should appear at the needle tip. If not, discard the syringe and prepare a new one.
- Refer to sections E–G on pages 10–11 of the Product Leaflet for visual instruction, if available.
- Store the lyophilized powder refrigerated at 2–8 °C.
- After reconstitution, use within 7–14 days, keeping the solution refrigerated.
- Do not freeze. Protect from light.
Dosage Information
Immune Support / Chronic Infections:
- Dose: 100–500 mcg SC, 1× daily or every other day
- Duration: 2–4 weeks, depending on severity
- Often combined with binders, detox agents, or biofilm disruptors
Wound Healing / Skin Support:
- Dose: 100–250 mcg SC or perilesional injection
- Frequency: daily or every 2–3 days until improvement
- Can be paired with BPC-157 or TB-500
Skin Rejuvenation / Microneedling Use:
- Topical LL-37 at 0.01–0.05% concentration
- Applied post-needling or laser resurfacing
- Enhances regeneration, antimicrobial defense, and skin renewal
Important Warnings
- Store unmixed vial at 2–8 °C, protect from light
- Reconstituted solution should be used within 7–10 days
- Do not freeze
- For research or advanced immune support protocols only
- May cause temporary inflammation, redness, or detox-like symptoms
- Not for use in active autoimmune flare without guidance
- Monitor if stacking with immunostimulants or corticosteroids
LL 37
LL-37 is a naturally occurring antimicrobial peptide that plays a key role in the innate immune system. It combats bacteria, viruses, and fungi, breaks down biofilms, and supports tissue repair
Key Ingredients
LL-37 Acetate
Not sure about the right dosage?
Use our Peptide Dosage Calculator for optimal application